Aantekeningen bij de Bijbel
Vragen, overdenkingen en achtergronden over de Bijbel,
welke resulteren in allerlei aantekeningen.
welke resulteren in allerlei aantekeningen.
Diverse Auteurs, NetBible, [2007], Greg Herrick Th.M., Ph.D., "A Star Will Come out of Jacob": Early Regal Images in Numbers 24:15-19 Diverse Auteurs, NetBible, [2007], Bob Deffinbaugh , Th.M., Balaam, Part II (Numbers 22:36-24:25) Diverse Auteurs, NetBible, [2007], Numb 24: 17 The "scepter" is metonymical for a king who will rise to power. NEB strangely rendered this as "comet" to make a parallel with "star." F.G. Martinez, De Rollen van de Dode Zee 1, [1994], 235 CD-A kolom VII en VIII F.G. Martinez, De Rollen van de Dode Zee 1, [1994], 413 4Q Wijsheidsgeschrift Ac (4Q417)
- -, Correspondentie (persoonlijke), [], 4 Jan 2007 Jan Wagenaar (Oud testamenticus Utrecht)
Vertaling Bijbel, NEB, [], Numbers 24: 17 I see him, but not now; I behold him, but not near: a star shall come
forth out of Jacob, a comet arise from Israel. He shall smite the
squadrons of Moab, and beat down all the sons of strife. Vertaling Bijbel, Kanttekeningen SV, [], Ik [26]zal [27]hem zien, maar [28]nu niet; ik zal hem aanschouwen, maar niet nabij. Er zal een [29]ster voortgaan uit Jakob, en er zal een [30]scepter uit Israel opkomen; die zal de palen der Moabieten verslaan, en zal al de [31]kinderen van Seth [32]verstoren. Rabbi Joel C. Dobin, The Astrological Secrets of the Hebrew Sages, [1977], 139-140 In the new translation, called Torah and published by the Jewish Publication Society, the verse is translated as follows:
Ster van Bethlehem: Bileam
Keil & Delitzsch, Commentary on the Old Testament, [], Num 24: 17 The prophecy itself commences with a picture from the "end of the days," which rises up before the mental eye of the seer. "I see Him, yet not now; I behold Him, but not nigh. A star appears out of Jacob, and a sceptre rises out of Israel, and dashes Moab in pieces on both sides, and destroys all the sons of confusion." The suffixes to אראנּוּ and עשׁוּרנּוּ refer to the star which is mentioned afterwards, and which Balaam sees in spirit, but "not now," i.e., not as having already appeared, and "not nigh," i.e., not to appear immediately, but to come forth out of Israel in the far distant future. "A star is so natural an image and symbol of imperial greatness and splendour, that it has been employed in this sense in almost every nation. And the fact that this figure and symbol are so natural, may serve to explain the belief of the ancient world, that the birth and accession of great kings was announced by the appearance of stars" (Hengstenberg, who cites Justini hist. xxxvii. 2; Plinii h. n. ii. 23; Sueton. Jul. Caes. c. 78; and Dio Cass. xlv. p. 273). If, however, there could be any doubt that the rising star represented the appearance of a glorious ruler or king, it would be entirely removed by the parallel, "a sceptre arises out of Israel." The sceptre, which was introduced as a symbol of dominion even in Jacob's blessing (Gen_49:10), is employed here as the figurative representation and symbol of the future ruler in Israel. This ruler would destroy all the enemies of Israel. Moab and (Num_24:18) Edom are the first of these that are mentioned, viz., the two nations that were related to Israel by descent, but had risen up in hostility against it at that time. Moab stands in the foremost rank, not merely because Balaam was about to announce to the king of Moab what Israel would do to his people in the future, but also because the hostility of the heathen to the people of God had appeared most strongly in Balak's desire to curse the Israelites. מואב פּאתי, "the two corners or sides of Moab," equivalent to Moab on both sides, from one end to the other. For קרקר, the inf. Pilp. of קוּר or קיר, the meaning to destroy is fully established by the parallel מחץ, and by Isa_22:5, whatever may be thought of its etymology and primary meaning. And neither the Samaritan text nor the passage in Jeremiah (Jer_48:45), which is based upon this prophecy, at all warrants an alteration of the reading קרקר into קדקד (the crown of the head), since Jeremiah almost invariably uses earlier writing in this free manner, viz., by altering the expressions employed, and substituting in the place of unusual words wither more common ones, or such as are similar in sound (cf. Küper, Jerem. libror, ss. interpres atque vindex, pp. xii.ff. and p. 43). - כּל־בּני־שׁת does not mean "all the sons of Seth," i.e., all mankind, as the human race is never called by the name of Seth; and the idea that the ruler to arise out of Israel would destroy all men, would be altogether unsuitable. It signifies rather "all the sons of confusion," by which, according to the analogy of Jacob and Israel (Num_24:17), Edom and Seir (Num_24:18), the Moabites are to be understood as being men of wild, warlike confusion. שׁת is a contraction of שׁאת (Lam_3:47), and derived from שׁאה; and in Jer_48:45 it is correctly rendered שׁאון בּני.
(Note: On the other hand, the rendering, "all the sons of the drinker, i.e., of Lot," which Hiller proposed, and v. Hoffmann and Kurtz have renewed, is evidently untenable. For, in the first place, the fact related in Gen_19:32. does not warrant the assumption that Lot ever received the name of the "drinker," especially as the word used in Gen 19 is not שׁתה, but שׁקה. Moreover, the allusion to "all the sons of Lot," i.e., the Moabites and Ammonites, neither suits the thoroughly synonymous parallelism in the saying of Balaam, nor corresponds to the general character of his prophecies, which announced destruction primarily only to those nations that rose up in hostility against Israel, viz., Moab, Edom, and Amalek, whereas hitherto the Ammonites had not assumed either a hostile or friendly attitude towards them. And lastly, all the nations doomed to destruction are mentioned by name. Now the Ammonites were not a branch of the Moabites by descent, nor was their territory enclosed within the Moabitish territory, so that it could be included, as Hoffmann supposes, within the "four corners of Moab.")
In the announcement of destruction which is to fall upon the enemies of Israel through the star and sceptre out of the midst of it, Moab is followed by "its southern neighbour Edom."